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Open Access Article

1 - Revision of Shams-e Tabrizi Sayings from Linguistics and Modern Criticism Perspective
manzar soltani Nafiseh Moradi

There is just one work left from Shams-e Al-Din- Muhammad-e Tabrizi, great mystic of 7th Century Hegira, which is collected and written by his students from his sayings and they called it “Maqalate (the Articles of) Shams-e Tabrizi”. Since his students granted his sayin More

There is just one work left from Shams-e Al-Din- Muhammad-e Tabrizi, great mystic of 7th Century Hegira, which is collected and written by his students from his sayings and they called it “Maqalate (the Articles of) Shams-e Tabrizi”. Since his students granted his sayings a specific holiness, they exactly had written whatever he said in most cases and this caused the language of articles to be close to speech language. Reviewing text of articles and indeed reviewing the speech method of Shams, we may come to this conclusion that he had used syntactic and linguistic deconstruction and extra-linguistic facilities to create a unique work that expresses a global and human thought and is not limited within time and space; so that he himself says that its audiences may be born many years later. Shams’ techniques and methods to communicate with his audience and reconstruction of his intuitive mystic experiences are currently under hot discussions by literary critics, linguists and modern hermeneutic scholars. This article reviews the text of Maqalat and compares Shams’ comments, particularly on lexicon and meaning, and analyzed syntactic and linguistic deconstructions of Maqalat’s text and contrasts them with comments of contemporary linguists to explain this issue that Shams was an antecessor thinker and mystic in Mystical Literature who created a work beyond time and space with his literary and unique genius which can be readout in new environment of literary sciences and involves many linguistic theories. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

2 - Analyzing the Character of Bayazid in Shams Essays
Mehdi mohabbati

Certainly one the of most famous character in Iranian-Islamic Mysticism is Bayazid Bastami who have had a distinctive sublime and respectable status and position due to his type of viewpoint, moods, and excellent dignities and had always special respect and kindness fro More

Certainly one the of most famous character in Iranian-Islamic Mysticism is Bayazid Bastami who have had a distinctive sublime and respectable status and position due to his type of viewpoint, moods, and excellent dignities and had always special respect and kindness from Sufis and brilliant mystical characters which is proven by the existence of mass volume of quotations, anecdotes, and words in Sufi texts. However, among all of these respects and dignities, we sometimes see other types of approach toward Bayazid and his personality which are all reflectible and considerable; one of them is the varied and unique viewpoint of Shams Tabrizi. Shams saw himself involved with the existential dilemma of Bayazid from the very beginning of his appearance in cultural-mystical history of Persian Language (i.e. Meeting with Molavi) and had not forgotten it until the very end of his absence and never accepted the dominant discourse toward Bayazid; he reviewed and criticized his words, actions, and character in a brief period with precision and strong intensity and finally challenged his status heavily and disrespected it. This article is to illuminate and categorize and analyze Shams Tabrizi's views about Bayazid Bastami emphasizing on this point that Molana- despite his amorously regards to Shams Tabrizi- is not a disciple of Shams Tabrizi. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

3 - A Study of the Status of Shams-i-Tabrizi's Qur’anic Gnostic Interpretations
محمّد خدادادي مهدی ملک‌ثابت يدالله جلالي پندري

Undoubtedly, one of the greatest theosophists in the arena of Islamic theosophy is Shams al –Din Muhammad, known as "Shams Tabrizi" the well-known Sufi mystic of the seventh century AH. Who caused a great spiritual change in Jalaluddin Mawlavi. His views on variety of More

Undoubtedly, one of the greatest theosophists in the arena of Islamic theosophy is Shams al –Din Muhammad, known as "Shams Tabrizi" the well-known Sufi mystic of the seventh century AH. Who caused a great spiritual change in Jalaluddin Mawlavi. His views on variety of mystical topics available in the only text ascribed to him, "Maqalaat-e Shams" compiled by others, are highly remarkable. He has innovative, unique views on Qur’an hermeneutics and interpretation that have not been discussed yet. Interpreting Qur’an, he reveals new layers of its which astonishes every learned researcher of Islamic mysticism. In this research we first introduce Shams’s views on interpretation in general, and the necessity of considering them, then study his views on the Qur’an hermeneutics in particular, in a systematic way. He believes that the perfect man of his time is the manifest of the Qur’an. He believes that there is no end for the layers of the Qur’an, and it is superficial to claim it has seven or seventy layers. He knows the Prophet Mohammad as the first person to interpret the Qur’an. In a general classification, we can see that Shams has used four ways to interpret Quran: 1) to interpret a word as it is used for another word or concept, 2) to interpret a verse by adding a word 3) to interpret a verse through providing the certain reason for its firs revelation, and 4) to justify some terms and expressions. Manuscript profile

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4 - Taj-al-Ma’aser and some forgotten verses from some divans (the books of poetry)
طاهره خوشحال دستجردي غلامحسين شريفي ولداني مهدي فاموري عليرضا شادآرام

The historical-literary book of Taj-al-Ma’aser is the oldest document on the history of the Qourians. It was written in 602 (A.H.) by Hasan Nezami Neishabouri, who lived at the time of the Qourians of India and, as one of their officials. In addition to its historical v More

The historical-literary book of Taj-al-Ma’aser is the oldest document on the history of the Qourians. It was written in 602 (A.H.) by Hasan Nezami Neishabouri, who lived at the time of the Qourians of India and, as one of their officials. In addition to its historical value, the book is of great literary importance. Using poetic figures, and frequent references to Arabic and Persian poems are among its features. According to Malek-al-sho’ara-ye Bahar, none of the ancient works has so many references to poems and poetry as Taj-al-Ma’aser has. Therefore, it can help to reconstruction of the verses lost in divans’ of famous poets. The authors here in the present article have made comparisons between the verses from the well-known poets recorded in Taj-al-Ma’aser and in their edited divans. No doubt that such a comparison is so helpful for the exploration and correction of the poems. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

5 - Who is the Author of Rashf-ol-Alhaz? A review of the copy's edition
مريم شعبانزاده

One of the important books on symbolic words and expressions of Sufism is Rashf-ol-Alhaz fi Kashf-ol- Alfaz by Sharaf id-Din Hosein Ibn-e Olfati Tabrizi, edited by Najib Mayel Heravi. The book consists of 300 mystical and Gnostic expressions. The same contents are attri More

One of the important books on symbolic words and expressions of Sufism is Rashf-ol-Alhaz fi Kashf-ol- Alfaz by Sharaf id-Din Hosein Ibn-e Olfati Tabrizi, edited by Najib Mayel Heravi. The book consists of 300 mystical and Gnostic expressions. The same contents are attributed to both Fakhr id-Din Araqi in an appendix to his Divan, edited by Sa'eed Nafisi, as "Estelahat-e Fakhr id-Din Araqi", and to Aziz Nasafi, in a book entitled "Loqat va Estelah-at-e Orafa". The overall sameness of the three copies, whether in their divisions of the contents or in their entries and definitions, proves that one of them must have been the original book. Yet, misattribution of the book to these two authors is not in doubt; nor is it possible to identify the real author unless a reliable copy is available. Relying on the exhaustive review of all the available copies and manuscripts, and the analytical- comparative study of them could provide a text with a careful edition. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

6 - Analyzing Story Elements of Shams Tabrizi's Maghalat
Ahmad razi مهديه فيض

One of the ways to learn about the works of art in the past, is to investigate the stories used in them. Preaching – the mystic book of Maghalat by Shams Tabrizi is among the works in which ethical and mystic advices are explained in the form of stories. This paper is t More

One of the ways to learn about the works of art in the past, is to investigate the stories used in them. Preaching – the mystic book of Maghalat by Shams Tabrizi is among the works in which ethical and mystic advices are explained in the form of stories. This paper is the result of a crash study conducted through analytic-descriptive method, the rules used in Shams Tabrizi's work which he used intentionally or unintentionally and also it indicates to what extend it has been saved in the contemporary literature. That is why we have put the stories of Revayat, Zavieye Did, Goft-o-Goo, Shakhsiat, Lahn, Daronmayeh and Sahneh in studying SAhams Tabrizi's Story on sharp focus. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

7 - Analysis of Contradictions in Shams Tabrizi's Thought from a Psychological Perspective
مریم عاملی رضایی foad Moloudi

In the process of psychological development of any human subject and in order to his socialization, the mind has to learn the categorizations and classifications.Social subject learns to classify the objects, phenomena and concepts in the form of opposites and opposit More

In the process of psychological development of any human subject and in order to his socialization, the mind has to learn the categorizations and classifications.Social subject learns to classify the objects, phenomena and concepts in the form of opposites and opposite pairs, and this categorization is one of the necessary conditions for entering the social life and world of signs. The necessity of these categorizations necessitates the acceptance of structural rules; in other words, human being shall first give structure to the world for concept making, and giving structure is not possible except in the form of contrary couples.This point is one of the main foundations of structuralism and other similar items in the field of language, mind and social issues.But, if we study the psyche in an original and pre-cultural state, the contradictions indicate the decrease and simplification, and only shows the direction of libido power in socialization current. In other words, the psychic force in its pre-cultural state is a homogenous, unique and united issue experiencing the dissension during the socialization current.This desire to return to the world of unity has appeared in the intuitive thinking and in the epistemological system of our Muslim mystics in the form of the ideas of existential unity. The image of this unified world, in which most of the main contradictions are united in their infrastructure, in the form of a language that is the essence of contrasts, has caused some mystical texts get the paradoxical property and some considerable facilities made therein. In this regard, Shams Tabrizi's articles are one of the most prominent texts.In the present paper, based on the mentioned psychoanalytic concepts, we have shown that in the infrastructure of Shams's thought, the existing contradictions at the level of conscious and social matter are discarded and Shams views them as naturally harmonic affairs in a new epistemological approach. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

8 - Analyzing the Evolution of the Level of Politeness inThe Persian-Speaking Community of Iran (1350-1390) Based on the Corpus Analysis
Elham Izadi Mehrdad Meshkinfam

20.1001.1.17351030.1402.21.68.1.1

One of the socio-cognitive factors that is encoded in each language using different linguistic tools is the concept of politeness. Understanding and expressing the abstract concept of politeness is only possible through objective concepts; That is, the understanding of More

One of the socio-cognitive factors that is encoded in each language using different linguistic tools is the concept of politeness. Understanding and expressing the abstract concept of politeness is only possible through objective concepts; That is, the understanding of these abstract concepts is facilitated by expressing these concepts in an objective form. Since encoding the concept of politeness in language is a linguistic feature that shapes the surrounding environment and changes over time; In this research, we will express the concept of politeness in the Persian language objectively and concretely and we will try to answer the question that "does the Iranian Persian-speaking community use the possibilities of expressing politeness more than before and as a result if these possibilities have increased in Farsi?" In other words, "Has the Persian-speaking society become more polite?" In fact, we want to know if the Iranian society has become more polite in the past five decades or not. In order to find the answer to this question, we have to examine the cognitive and mental representation of the concept of politeness in the Persian language in order to determine whether it has had a downward or upward trend. In order to investigate this issue, several different linguistic tools, including the frequency of occurrence of conceptual metaphors, permissible metaphors, idioms, euphemisms, and figures of speech. This study can show the changes of politeness over time and the possible reasons (social, political, and cultural reasons) of these changes in the Persian language in each decade. Based on this, the cognitive model of the Persian language can be presented from the point of view of politeness. The body examined in this research includes the following: speeches of political officials, movies, press texts (newspapers and magazines) and songs. The results of the research show that rudeness has been on the rise over the past 50 years. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

9 - Breaking the foundation in Shams Tabrizi articles
mahmoud Khoramabadi AliَََAkbar AfrasiabPour Ali Fatolahi

This article deals with the analysis of the elements that break the foundation from the point of view of Derrida and the analysis of these elements in the articles of Shams and tries to reconstruct the pluralism of meaning in damaging the metaphysical ideas presented in More

This article deals with the analysis of the elements that break the foundation from the point of view of Derrida and the analysis of these elements in the articles of Shams and tries to reconstruct the pluralism of meaning in damaging the metaphysical ideas presented in Western philosophy and reach new meanings from the text. Shams Tabrizi's articles have the capacity to achieve countless signs and symbols for multiple meanings with consecutive semantic suspensions. The authors of this article, with descriptive-analytical method based on Derrida's foundation-breaking approach, examine some of these concepts such as the negation of the definition of the unit of truth, the death of the author, the semiotics of post-structuralism, the dominant ideology of the text through the negation of contrasts, values, etc. have done. In Shams's articles, in the field of negation of the definition of the single truth, the truth is not considered an absolute and single thing, but it is placed in the field of interpretive debates and everyone has their own interpretation of it. Contrary to the views of Platonic logos, Shams introduces wisdom and rationalism as completely incomplete in the path of truth and sees it as a veil for the seeker. He does not contrast writing and speech or presence and absence, but beyond these two, he generally considers speech and presence as a veil. Manuscript profile

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